Furnace-brick



Patented June 14,1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

. Q all fr@ oi 0, 1,.. NUE@ C. R. FINCH.

FURNACE BRICK. V-A'lPucATlonl FILED uov.1s, 1919.

C. R. FINCH.

FURNACE BRICK.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. I8, I9I9.

1,381,625, I Patented June 14, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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CLIFTON n. FiNoH, or NEW YORK, N. Y.,

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1,381,625.lll

To all 'whom-t con-cera:

Be it known that I, CLIFTON R. F INCH, a citizen ofthenited States, residing in New York,in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Furnacericks, of which the following is a. specification.v i

My ,invention relates to an improved brick for furnaces; especially a brick adapted 'to facilitate lthorough combustion, eliminate waste "of fuel and heat, and `consequently increase the efliciency of the installation to which the furnace belongs.

An object of' my invention is to provide a brick that is shapedtoreceive and contain for a time, inflammable gaseous products liberated by not only to prevent the too rapid transit of such products through the furnace, and

theire'scape unburnt by way of theV exhaust flue, ut' also to bring about the total consumption of suchprodu'cts in order that the entire heat capacity of the fuel may be utilized." -i

A further object of my invention is to provide a brick which has a number of passages leading through its interior; the gasecus productsabove referred to entering these passages'fa'nd *escapingl from same y and in several forms of my invention, ther brick also has a chamber which constitutes part of these passages and by which the oxidation of the productsmeir tioned can advantageously be effected.

Another object of my invention is to provide ai furnace brick which will serve the intended purpose, and which will nevertheless be simple in construction and capable of being nianufacturedat relatively low cost.

These Aand otherK objects and advantages of my invention will appear from the following description, taken with the accompanying drawings in which several embodiinvention are displayed. This disclosure, hoivever, is illustrativeoiily, and I reserve itherightto make" changes in what is actually shown "herein, y without departing from the -lnature and )scope of my invention,

after burning;

Vto the full extent indicated'by the general Specification of Letters Patent.

fuel incourse of ignition; and

Y `Parental.nine 14,1921. Application filed November 18, 1919.` Serial No. 338,903. i'

meanings of the terms and variations of section;

Fig. 7 is a side'view of still another modif fication;

Fig. 8 is an in section; and

Fig. 9 is a side view and Fig;10 an end view of a still further modification.

appended claims are..

. 5 is a side view of a further `modiiil end 4elevation of same; partly f The same numerals identify the samel parts throughout.

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, I indicate the bodyv` of my' improved furnace brick by the numeral l. This brick will be. made of any suitable refractory or heat resisting material capable ofenduring high tempera-5 ture, and the` relative dimensions of the brick will of course vary according to circumstances and conditions of use. As shown,

the brick has `rather wide opposite exterior lateral faces 2 and relatively narrow ends 3; and in the middle of the body it 4has a central longitudinally extending chamber 4l. which is aslong as the brick itself and opens through theopposite ends 3. To this chain-A ber lead a is in line with a similar duct (5;these ducts 5 and 6 connecting the chamber 4 with the opposite exterior lateral faces 2 and being substantially perpendicular to these faces.`

Cooperating with the ducts 5 are addil tional ducts 7, which vserve to connect the chamber 4 with the same exterior face as the ductsl5;but the middle of this face, they lead from the chanibereliiliagonally to the said face near number of ducts 5, each of which s instead of running out to..`

diagonally arranged ducts 8 cooperate with i Y ducts 7 and 8 may gradually contract from 4 which serves as Y built under a boiler,

their outer ends inward to the chamber 4.

The ducts 5 and 6,7 and 8, with the chamber 4 constitute passages through the brick; and in practice the brick will be mounted inside a furnace in such relation that inflammable products of combustion will flow through the ducts 5 and 7 into the chamber Suppose forv example,` that the furnace is the fuel used being coal. In ordinary furnaces, a great quantity of heat is lost and only a part of the heat capacity of the coal is actually utilized in vaporiz'ing'the water. The cause of this state of affairs is primarily the fact that burning coal, especially much iniiammable gas, such as carbon monoxid and perhaps othergaseous or `vaporous compounds, Y which is not completely burnt but passes from the fire-bed back through the heating chamber under the boiler and out through the chimneyv stack.

The result is a somewhat low eiiiciency and considerable expense. With the use ofmy improved brick in sufhcient number, these gaseous products are prevented from prematurely escaping, are entirely consumed, an the waste of heat usually incurred is avoided. The bricks may be supported in any suitable manner. For instance they may be suspended from movable carriers, notl shown, and moved Vatithe proper rate of speed, in the line of flow of the gases of combustion, from the fire-bed toward the rear oroutlet end of the furnace. At the fire-bed Ythe flames heat the bricks to a red or greater heat, andas the'bricks move back from the fire-bed, the carbon monoxid and other gases flow through the ducts 5 and 7 into the chamber 4. Thus the brick for the time, arrests such gases and prevents their too rapid passage to` the exhaust flue. When the chamber 4 is full of such gases, to facilitatethe complete combustion thereof so as to prevent the escape of any such gaseous products ofV combustion unburnt, and to avoid the loss lof the. heat units which they contain, enough air' is introduced into the chamber 4 Afor their oxidation and the gases are completely burnt and discharged through assages 6 and 8. The air may at the proper point in the travel of the brick, by vmeans which does not need to be described here because this invention relates solely t0 the brick with the chamber and the ducts leading to and from the same.

Another important advantage in addition to complete combustion afforded by bricks of this design is the diffusion ofthe heat liberated by the coal. By arresting the gases of combustion and burning same between the fire-bed and the smoke flue, the temperature an ignition chamber soft coal, emits` d faces 9 that are slightly be admitted is made uniform from one end of the interior heating chamber of the furnace to the other; and Ywhen such a furnace is beneath a boiler, the boiler is heated evenly from Vthe front end to the rear of the same, instead of being heated, as under usual conditions, too much at one end and too By the use of a brick of this construction, practically all of the heat which would ordinarily be lost is saved, for the inflammable gases yare retained long enough in the chamber 4 to be, burned up entirely; and the Vbrick in addition to retaining such gases and preventing the too rapid flow through the furnace to the exhaust flue, actively causes little at the other.V

full combustion and complete liberation ,off

Figs. 3 and 4 show' a .brickhaving ltwo' i' parallel chambers 4 with ducts 5, 6, 7, 8, ar-

ranged exactly` with respect to the opposite exterior faces as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, leading to and from each of such chambers,

In Figs. 5 and 6 I show a further modification wherein the brickinstead offhaving flat or plainopposite faces 2has opposite concave. The central chamber 4 opens through the opposite ends as before, but the ducts leading Ito and from this 'chamber are given the form of transverse recesses 10. These recesses. are made so that their inner ends or bottoms are curved and through their inner endsv they communicate with the chamber 4. The inlet chiots are indicated at 10 and the exhaust or discharge ducts are indicated .Y at 11. The

chambers and ducts constitute passages as before.

In Figs. cation which has two as theform shownin chamber having a row of recesses 10 and v11, in the opposite exterior faces of the brick, to admit gases to the chamber and discharge same therefrom. The two rows 'of recesses in each face are separated b a longitudinal rib 12. This brick may fiave additional transverse passages 18 running from one rib 12, through the other, bers 4. Y

In manufacturing my improved Vbrick I can make the same in sections 14 and 15, cemented together at 16. For `this purpose each section is provided with a semi-circular groove, running the whole length of `the 7 and 8 I show a further modichambers 4, the same Figs. 8 and-4; each brick, on one face; and having the ducts 5 between the z chamI injected into it.

grooves will be provided in one-*falce and two sets of ducts or recesses in the other. the sections are cemented together, make a complete brick as illustrated.

It will be Observed that `in 'all the above described forms ofmy invention the ducts 5, 6, 7 and V8 `and the transverse recesses or ducts 10, connect the central chamber 4 in each case with not only the middle of the opposite lateral faces but also with the opposite lateral faces adjacent the edges thereof, and these ducts and recesses constitute passages which gradually contract inward toward the chamber 4.

Figs. 9 and l0 show a brick without a chamber 4, and with continuous passages 17 extending directly through the brick from one face to the other. This type of brick can be utilized when air does not have to be The gases take tire on entering the passages 17 and are burnt out when they leave these passages. The passages 17 and the ducts and recesses in the other forms likewise', may be square, round, rectangular or of any other desired crosssectional configuration; and so may the chamber 4.

Of course, the passages 13 shown in Figs. 7 and 8 act in the same manner as the passages 17 shown in Figs. 9 and l0.

The brick above described is shown as rectangular when viewed from the ends but obviously any other form or external configurationV will come within the scope and spirit of my invention. In fact, I may even use a piece of square or round tiling with ducts through the sides of same and with open or closed ends. In such cases, the hollow interior will correspond to the chamber 4 above-mentioned, and the openings through the sides will correspond with the ducts which communicate with this chamber; or any other hollow body having a central chamber and ducts forming passages therethey with; leading to and from same, may be adopted; and I desire the term brick to be understood to embrace all these various constructions.

The brick above described is also useful for lining the inside of furnaces and stacks, especially the lower portions of the latter.

Iaving described my invention-what I believe to be new and desire to secure and protect by Letters Patent of the United States is l. A brick for a furnace having a longitudinally extending chamber opening through the opposite ends of the brick, and ducts in the brick extending transversely with respect to the chamber and running from a plurality of points in the length of the chamber to the opposite lateral faces of the brick, said ducts connecting the chamber to the' outside of the brick both through the middle and adjacent the opposite longitudinal edges of said faces.

2. A brick for a furnace having a longitudinany extending 'Chamber opening through the; opposite ends of the brick, and ducts in `the `brick"^extending `transversely with `re spectto the chamber andrunning froma plurality of po'ints'inv 'the lengthof the chamber to the vpposite'lateral vfaces of thefbrick, said `ducts connecting the chamber to the outside of the brick both through the middle and adjacent the opposite longitudinal edges of said faces, said ducts contracting inward from said faces toward said chamber.

3. A brick for a furnace having a longitudinally extending chamber opening through the opposite ends of the brick, ducts in the brick extending transversely of the chamber and running from a plurality of points in the length of the chamber to thermiddle of the opposite lateral faces of the brick, and

ucts running from a plurality of points in the length of said chamber to the opposite' lateral faces of the brick adjacent the opposite edges of said faces.

4. A brick for a furnace having a longitudinally extending chamber opening through the opposite ends of the brick, ducts in the brick extending transversely of the chamber and running from a plurality of points in the length of the chamber to the middle of the opposite lateral faces of the brick, and ducts running from a plurality of points in the length of said chamber to the opposite lateral faces of the brick adjacent the opposite edges of said faces, all said ducts contracting inward from said faces to said chamber.

5. A section for a furnace brick having a groove in one face opening through the opposite ends of the brick, and ducts in the brick transverse to said chamber andV running from a plurality 0f points in the length of said chamber to the opposite face 'of the brick, said ducts connecting the chamber to the opposite face both through the middle and adjacent the opposite edge of said face.

6. A section for a furnace brick having a groove in one face opening through the opposite ends of the brick, and ducts in the brick transverse'to said chamber and running from a plurality of points in the length of said chamber to the opposite face of the brick, said ducts connecting the chamber to the opposite face both through the middle and adjacent the opposite edge of said face, said ducts contracting toward said chamber.

7. A section for a furnace brick having a groove in one face opening through the opposite ends of the brick, ducts in the brick extending transversely of said chamber, said ducts running from a plurality of points in the llength of the chamber to the middlev of the opposite face, and ducts running from a plurality of points in the length of said chamber to the last named face adjacent the opposite edges of same.

section for a furnace' brick having a groove yin one face opening through the opposite endsI of the brick, extending transversely of said duo 5 the ts running from length ofv the Chamber of the opposite face, andlduotsrrulmng from l lnralty of point ducts in the lbrlok a plurality of points in to the middle s inthe length of said chamber', Said A November, 1919.V

chamber to the lastnamed face' adjaoentthe all of sadduote con- ,I have signedA Y "CLIFTONQR: FINCH 

